Dephasing of Electron Spin Qubits due to their Interaction with Nuclei in Quantum Dots

Coherence of spins of electrons confined in III–V quantum dots is strongly affected by their hyperfine interaction with the nuclei. In this paper an introduction to this subject is presented. Some theoretical approaches to the problem will be outlined. Most attention will be given to the quasi-static bath approximation, to the cluster expansion theories of dephasing due to the nuclear dynamics induced by the dipolar interactions (spectral diffusion), and to the effective Hamiltonian based theory of dephasing due to hyperfine-mediated interactions. The connections between the theoretical results and various experiments will be emphasized.